Case Study

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has moved from a public health concern to a strategic national security, health care delivery, and pharmaceutical-market failure issue. Resistant bacterial infections are already responsible for substantialmorbidity, mortality, and healthcare cost in the United States and globally. Recent estimates show that bacterial AMR was associated with approximately 4.71 million global deaths in 2021 and directly attributable to approximately 1.14 million deaths. By 2050, forecasts estimate approximately 8.22 million associated deaths and 1.91 million directly attributable deaths annually if current trends continue.